![]() Besides cognitive status, TUG will be stratified based on gender and age, as recommended by Steffen, Hacker & Mollinger (2002). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the normative data of TUG test among community dwelling older adults with and without MCI, according to cognitive status, gender and age group. However, it is not certain whether TUG performance among older adults with and without MCI differs significantly. TUG normative data is available among Spanish community dwelling older adults with an inclusion of those with cognitive impairment assessed using global deterioration test. Physiological and anthropometric measures, such as height and limb length vary across ethnicity and it is associated with physical performance. Use of local normative data of the specific population is recommended for more meaningful interpretation of TUG results. ![]() Although TUG test is simple, its performance requires integration of many systems and can be considered as complex, more so in older adults with cognitive impairment. ![]() Multiple cognitive domains that includes attention, memory, visual spatial ability and executive functions are further challenged when performing a walking task to maintain balance and prevent falls. This could be explained by the tasks in TUG test which places additional cognitive challenges such as straight walking on executive functioning via initiation and sequencing transfer and turning on cognitive processing speed. Older adults with MCI were noted to have poorer TUG performance and cognitive impairment was identified as an independent determinant of TUG score. TUG test was reported to be most consistent in differentiating older adults with and without MCI. Simple physical performance assessment tools such as TUG, gait speed and 4-minute walk tests have been used among older adults with MCI. However, this test is not viable for large scale community screenings due to its cost, duration and training that may prove to be costly. These gait parameters are sensitive and accurate measures to detect alterations in gait among older adults with MCI. Evidence regarding association between gait and MCI indicated that older adults with MCI had poorer performance in their gait assessment which was measured using gait parameters such as velocity, stride length and coefficient of variation. In older adults with MCI, motor control as in gait can be further affected by impairments of primary motor cortex. Changes in gait among older adults are due to reduction in muscle mass and muscle strength, deterioration of postural stability and vestibular function. Limited functional mobility is a major concern in older adults with MCI. Approximately, 15 to 30% older adults globally and in 22% in Malaysia are reported to have MCI. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been identified as a transition phase between normal cognitive ageing and early dementia. ĭisabilities among older adults are mainly precipitated by cognitive impairments. In 2050, the eighty-and-older population is projected to be quadrupled. Similar trends are seen in Malaysia and it will be categorised as an ageing nation by the year 2035 as this group of population is expected to occupy 15% of the total population. Majority of these older adults (62.3%) are projected to be living in Asia by the year 2050. The number of older adults in the world is estimated to double from year 20 to 22%. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This study is funded using Longterm Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) provided by Ministry of Education Malaysia (LRGS/BU/2012/UKM-UKM/K/01). Received: FebruAccepted: SeptemPublished: October 3, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Ibrahim et al. Ginsberg, Nathan S Kline Institute, UNITED STATES Citation: Ibrahim A, Singh DKA, Shahar S (2017) ‘Timed Up and Go’ test: Age, gender and cognitive impairment stratified normative values of older adults.
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